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84379-01
French patent application FR0008078 filed on June 23, 2000 and entitled “Procédés d’étherification du glycérol, et catalyseurs pour la mise en œuvre de ces procédés”
Yannick POUILLOUX
Jean-Marc CLACENS
Joël BARRAULT
Exclusive or non-exclusive licenses and collaborative research.
Laboratoire de Catalyse en Chimie Organique (LCCO, UMR 6503) Poitiers, France.
Continuous energy crises and increasing demand for conventional fuels has resulted in the need for biofuels on a commercial scale. Transesterification of oils to biodiesel is coupled with significant production of a glycerol-rich water (so-called “crude” or “raw” glycerol), as an important side-product of the process. The increasing demand for biodiesel leads to abundant quantities of this glycerol on the market. Therefore, glycerol valorization has much to offer in the cost reduction of biodiesel production.
Etherification constitutes one of the ways of valorization of glycerol for obtaining glycerol ethers, still indicated polyglycerols. The glycerol ethers have various applications according to their preparation and of their structure. The polyglycerols are also primarily intermediaries of synthesis of the esters of polyglycerols.
The invention describes the use of a solid catalyst to synthesize polyglycerol from glycerol.
This new catalyst is mesoporous, heterogeneous, providing basic active sites due to the presence of alkaline compounds. This etherification could reach a polymerization degree of 4, whereas existing products have got a polymerization degree of 9.
This process is selective so that a fraction of di to tetraglycerol is obtained with a yield of 95%.
This process doesn’t use any solvent. Indeed the reaction is performed in a reactor where glycerol is in contact with the solid catalyst in well chosen conditions (atmospheric pressure and temperature around 200 °C)
Polyglycerol main applications are: lubricant synthesis, replacing petroleum oils in order to use products less polluting and biodegradable, replacing triglycerides in food industry.
The glycerol ethers find also applications like surface-active neutrals, in the depollution of the grounds, the industry of the cosmetic, of pharmacy, in the food industry.
Furthermore polyglycerol with weak polymerisation degree may be interesting in cosmetics and detergent industry as active-surface agents.
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